| Basic Statement |
Subject(Nom) + Verb + Object/Complement |
I read a book. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + read (verb) + a (article) + book (direct object/noun, Acc) |
| Equational/Identity |
Subject(Nom) + to be/являться + Complement(Nom) |
He is a student. |
He (subject/pronoun, Nom) + is (linking verb) + a (article) + student (predicate noun, Nom) |
| Existential |
There + to be(есть) + Subject(Nom) |
There is a book on the table. |
There (expletive) + is (verb) + a (article) + book (subject/noun, Nom) + on (preposition) + the (article) + table (object of preposition/noun, Prep) |
| Describing Weather/State |
Subject(Nom) + Adverb/Adjective |
It is cold. |
It (subject/pronoun, Nom) + is (linking verb) + cold (predicate adjective) |
| Possession |
Subject + Verb + Possessor(Gen) + Noun |
This is Peter's book. |
This (subject/pronoun, Nom) + is (linking verb) + Peter's (possessor/noun, Gen) + book (predicate noun, Nom) |
| Absence (нет) |
У + Person(Gen) + нет + Object(Gen) |
I don't have time. |
I (possessor/pronoun, Gen) + don't have (negated verb) + time (direct object/noun, Gen) |
| Quantity |
Number + Noun(Gen) |
Five books |
Five (numeral) + books (noun, Gen) |
| After Certain Prepositions |
Preposition(от, из, до, у, etc.) + Noun(Gen) |
From the house |
From (preposition) + the (article) + house (noun, Gen) |
| Compound Noun |
Noun + Noun(Gen) |
The door of the house |
The (article) + door (noun, Nom) + of (preposition) + the (article) + house (noun, Gen) |
| Indirect Object |
Subject + Verb + Object(Acc) + to Person(Dat) |
I gave a book to my friend. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + gave (verb) + a (article) + book (direct object/noun, Acc) + to (preposition) + my (possessive pronoun) + friend (indirect object/noun, Dat) |
| Experiencer Construction |
Person(Dat) + нравится/нужно + Infinitive/Noun(Nom) |
I need to sleep. |
I (experiencer/pronoun, Dat) + need (impersonal predicate) + to sleep (infinitive) |
| Age Expression |
Person(Dat) + Number + лет/года |
I am 20 years old. |
I (experiencer/pronoun, Dat) + am (omitted in Russian) + 20 (numeral) + years old (noun) |
| Direction "к" |
Verb + к + Person/Place(Dat) |
I'm going to my friend's house. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + am going (verb) + to (preposition к) + my (possessive pronoun) + friend's (noun, Dat) + house (noun) |
| With по (according to) |
Verb + по + Noun(Dat) |
According to the plan |
According (preposition по) + to (preposition) + the (article) + plan (noun, Dat) |
| Direct Object |
Subject + Verb + Object(Acc) |
I see a house. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + see (verb) + a (article) + house (direct object/noun, Acc) |
| Motion to/into (в/на) |
Subject + Verb + в/на + Place(Acc) |
I'm going to the store. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + am going (verb) + to (preposition в/на) + the (article) + store (noun, Acc) |
| Time Duration |
Subject + Verb + Time Period(Acc) |
I waited for an hour. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + waited (verb) + for (preposition) + an (article) + hour (time expression/noun, Acc) |
| Day of Week |
Subject + Verb + в + Day(Acc) |
We'll meet on Friday. |
We (subject/pronoun, Nom) + will meet (verb) + on (preposition в) + Friday (time noun, Acc) |
| Measure |
Subject + Verb + Measure(Acc) |
The book costs ten dollars. |
The (article) + book (subject/noun, Nom) + costs (verb) + ten (numeral) + dollars (measure noun, Acc) |
| Instrument |
Subject + Verb + Object + with Instrument(Ins) |
I write with a pen. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + write (verb) + with (preposition) + a (article) + pen (instrument/noun, Ins) |
| Accompaniment |
Subject + Verb + с + Person(Ins) |
She speaks with her friend. |
She (subject/pronoun, Nom) + speaks (verb) + with (preposition с) + her (possessive pronoun) + friend (accompaniment/noun, Ins) |
| Profession/Status |
Subject + Verb(быть/работать/стать) + Profession(Ins) |
He works as a teacher. |
He (subject/pronoun, Nom) + works (verb) + as (omitted in Russian) + a (article) + teacher (profession/noun, Ins) |
| Passive Agent |
Object + был + Past Participle + Agent(Ins) |
The house was built by workers. |
The (article) + house (subject/noun, Nom) + was built (passive verb) + by (preposition) + workers (agent/noun, Ins) |
| Time Period |
Subject + Verb + Time(Ins) |
I read books in the evenings. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + read (verb) + books (direct object/noun, Acc) + in (preposition) + the (article) + evenings (time noun, Ins) |
| Location (в/на) |
Subject + Verb + в/на + Place(Prep) |
I live in Moscow. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + live (verb) + in (preposition в) + Moscow (location/noun, Prep) |
| Topic (о/об) |
Subject + Verb + о + Topic(Prep) |
We are talking about the movie. |
We (subject/pronoun, Nom) + are talking (verb) + about (preposition о) + the (article) + movie (topic/noun, Prep) |
| Time Period (при) |
Subject + Verb + при + Time/Person(Prep) |
It happened during the war. |
It (subject/pronoun, Nom) + happened (verb) + during (preposition при) + the (article) + war (time period/noun, Prep) |
| After Words Like "думать" |
Subject + думать/мечтать + о + Object(Prep) |
I think about life. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + think (verb) + about (preposition о) + life (topic/noun, Prep) |
| After по (in sense of "around") |
Subject + Verb + по + Place(Prep) |
I walk around the park. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + walk (verb) + around (preposition по) + the (article) + park (location/noun, Prep) |
| Negative Sentence |
Subject + не + Verb + Object(Acc/Gen) |
I don't like coffee. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + don't (negative particle) + like (verb) + coffee (direct object/noun, Gen/Acc) |
| Questions |
Question Word + Verb + Subject + Object |
Where do you live? |
Where (question word) + do (auxiliary verb) + you (subject/pronoun, Nom) + live (verb) |
| Imperative |
Verb(Imperative) + Object(Acc) |
Close the door! |
Close (imperative verb) + the (article) + door (direct object/noun, Acc) |
| Conditional |
If Clause(бы + Past Verb) + Then Clause(бы + Past Verb) |
If I knew, I would say. |
If (conjunction) + I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + knew (past verb with conditional particle) + I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + would (conditional particle) + say (past verb with conditional particle) |
| Complex Sentence |
[Subject + Verb + Object] + который + [Related Clause] |
I see the man who is reading a book. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + see (verb) + the (article) + man (direct object/noun, Acc) + who (relative pronoun, Nom) + is reading (verb) + a (article) + book (direct object/noun, Acc) |
| Complete Complex Example |
Subject(Nom) + Adverb + Verb + Adjective + Object(Acc) + Preposition + Place(Prep) |
I quickly read an interesting book in the library. |
I (subject/pronoun, Nom) + quickly (adverb) + read (verb) + an (article) + interesting (adjective) + book (direct object/noun, Acc) + in (preposition) + the (article) + library (location/noun, Prep) |